Dr. Nikhil Baljekar highlights the characteristics of Desmoid tumors, particularly when they develop in the rectus muscle. Desmoid tumors are unique due to their locally aggressive nature, and one of their key challenges is their high likelihood of recurrence, even after surgical removal. This makes them particularly concerning, as their reappearance can complicate treatment and impact the surrounding tissues. The rectus muscle, being central to core movements, can be significantly affected by t[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar explains that desmoid tumors, though rare, can often be found in the rectus muscle of the anterior abdominal wall. These tumors tend to start small and grow gradually, leading many patients to initially overlook them. Often, by the time they seek medical attention, the tumor has enlarged, and clinical evaluation becomes essential to determine its nature. One of the most concerning aspects of desmoid tumors is their high recurrence rate, even after treatment. Early diagnosis a[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar discusses the complexities of tumors that arise from muscles and nerves. One type of nerve tumor is a neuroma, which grows directly from the nerves. Surgical removal of these tumors is delicate, as it risks damaging the nerve itself. Muscle tumors, particularly those located deep within, can cause significant discomfort by pressing on surrounding nerves, leading to pain and impaired muscle movement. These tumors often affect areas near joints, adding to the complexity of thei[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar explains that a hemangioma is the most common type of hamartoma, which is essentially a mass of blood vessels. Often visible as a reddish birthmark on the forehead or face, hemangiomas are noticeable due to their blotchy appearance. However, they may also form as swellings. It’s crucial to identify a hemangioma correctly, especially before attempting surgery, as improper techniques without the right equipment can cause severe bleeding. Hemangiomas typically appear in the he[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar explains that Hamartoma is a type of tumor arising from the excessive growth of tissue native to a specific area of the body. For instance, when a blood vessel proliferates abnormally and forms a tumor, it is classified as a Hamartoma. Similarly, if muscle tissue undergoes abnormal growth and develops into a tumor, it is also considered a Hamartoma. Tumors that do not fit into the categories of sebaceous cysts, lipomas, or dermoid cysts are generally recognized as Hamartomas.[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar delves into the formation of Dermoid Cysts, a unique phenomenon where ectodermal cells become trapped within the mesoderm or deeper layers during the body's development. As these cells fuse, they can grow into cysts, typically appearing in specific areas along the body's lines of fusion. These cysts are commonly found on the front scalp, in front of the ear, the middle or side of the scalp, and along the midline of the neck or back. Occasionally, these cysts may also develop [...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar explains the intricacies of Dermoid Cysts, a third type of cyst that arises during the body's developmental process. As the body forms, certain lines of fusion occur, such as the midline on the scalp or back, where different tissues come together. At these fusion points, layers of skin cells, including ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm, may get trapped, leading to the formation of a Dermoid Cyst. These cysts are often benign but can be found in areas where the skin and deeper [...]

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In this segment, Dr. Nikhil Baljekar discusses sebaceous cysts, the second type of lump in our series. Sebaceous cysts form when the openings of sebaceous glands become blocked. These glands, which are found all over the skin where hair grows, secrete sebum to keep the skin lubricated and soft. They are particularly concentrated in areas with more hair, such as the scalp, axilla, arms, and limbs. When a gland's opening gets blocked, it can lead to the formation of a cyst, resulting in a palpable[...]

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In this informative segment, Dr. Nikhil Baljekar sheds light on several types of lumps that can appear in various parts of the body. He begins with Lipoma, a benign tumor composed of fat cells, which can develop wherever fat cells are found—anywhere in the body except the scalp. Lipomas are a frequent consideration in differential diagnosis when examining lumps, especially in superficial areas of the body. Dr. Baljekar will also explore other common types of lumps, helping to demystify their c[...]

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In this new educational series, Dr. Nikhil Baljekar delves into the often misunderstood topic of lumps appearing in various parts of the body. Kicking off the series, Dr. Baljekar focuses on lumps in the neck, particularly around the central part where the thyroid gland is located. This area is a frequent cause of concern for many, leading to numerous consultations with surgeons. Unfortunately, misconceptions abound when it comes to thyroid lumps, causing unnecessary anxiety. Dr. Baljekar aims [...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar sheds light on the unique survival mechanism of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in the human digestive system. Unlike most bacteria that perish in the acidic environment of the stomach, AFB can withstand this harsh condition. This resistance is crucial because the stomach acid usually acts as the first line of defense, killing off harmful germs and preventing infections like diarrhea after consuming food or water. However, AFBs survive the journey through the stomach, continuing thei[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar explains the concept of reactivation tuberculosis, also known as secondary tuberculosis. This condition occurs when dormant tuberculosis germs, present in almost everyone's body, become active. These germs are typically kept in check by our immune system. However, when the immune system weakens, these germs can cause primary tuberculosis in the lungs, which can then spread to other parts of the body, including the intestines. This is one established theory of how tuberculosis[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar highlights the often overlooked risks associated with traveling in crowded places such as local trains, buses, and metros. He explains that in these environments, you may unknowingly come into contact with individuals who have active tuberculosis (TB), where the germs are present in their sputum. When these individuals cough, the TB germs can be released into the air and potentially inhaled by those nearby. However, Dr. Baljekar reassures that most people do not contract[...]

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Dr. Nikhil Baljekar delves into the complexities of intestinal tuberculosis, a condition that impacts both the peritoneum and the intestines. He emphasizes the resilience of the tuberculosis germ, noting its resistance to treatment, which necessitates a prolonged therapeutic regimen lasting between 9 to 12 months. This is due to the hardy nature of the organism. Dr. Baljekar also highlights the body's immunological response to tuberculosis, underscoring the importance of the BCG vaccine, whi[...]

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Tuberculosis (TB) is widely recognized for its impact on the lungs, but this versatile and tenacious bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, can affect virtually any part of the body. In this comprehensive overview, Dr. Nikhil Baljekar delves into the rarer manifestations of TB, such as tuberculosis of the bones, brain, uterus tubes, legs, and skin. These extrapulmonary forms of TB occur when the infection spreads from the lungs through the bloodstream, reaching and colonizing various tissues[...]

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